Career Planning

職業規劃

Career Clusters and Areas

Data Facts, numbers, files, business procedures Things Machines, tools, living things, and materials such as food, wood, or metal Ideas Knowledge, insights, theories, new ways of saying or doing something People Care, services, leadership, sales

美国ACT将通常的职业划分为26种典型类型,这些类型可以按照其工作特点与Data、Things、Ideas和People以及处于中间地带的Data&Things、Things&Ideas、Ideas&People和People&Data来归类。

Administration & Sales
Business Operations
Technical
Science & Technology
Arts
Social Service
Administration & Sales
  1. Employment-Related Services Employee Benefits Manager; Employment Interviewer; Human Resources Manager; Labor Relations Specialist; Training/Education Manager
  2. Marketing & Sales Advertising Manager; Buyer; Insurance Agent; Real Estate Agent; Sales/Marketing Manager; Travel Agent
  3. Management Financial Manager; Foreign Service Officer; General Manager/Executive; Hotel/Motel Manager; Property/Real Estate Manager
  4. Regulation & Protection Customs Inspector; Detective (Police); FBI Agent; Food & Drug Inspector; Park Ranger; Police Officer
Business Operations
  1.  Communications & Records Abstractor; Court Reporter; Hotel Clerk; Medical Record Technician; Title Examiner/Searcher
  2. Financial Transactions Accountant/Auditor; Bank Teller; Budget/Credit Analyst; Insurance Underwriter; Real Estate Appraiser; Tax Accountant
  3. Distribution & Dispatching Air Traffic Controller; Flight Dispatcher; Mail Carrier; Shipping/Receiving Clerk; Warehouse Supervisor
Technical
  1. Transport Operation & Related Aircraft Pilot; Astronaut; Bus Driver; Locomotive Engineer; Ship Captain; Truck Driver
  2.  Agriculture, Forestry & Related Aquaculturist; Farm Manager; Forester; Nursery/Greenhouse Manager; Tree Surgeon/Arborist
  3. Computer & Information Specialties Actuary; Archivist/Curator; Computer Programmer; Computer Systems Analyst; Website Developer
  4. Construction & Maintenance Carpenter; Electrician; Firefighter; Plumber; Security System Installer
  5. Construction & Maintenance Carpenter; Electrician; Firefighter; Plumber; Security System Installer
  6. Manufacturing & Processing Printing Press Operator; Sheet Metal Worker; Tool & Die Maker; Water Plant Operator; Welder
  7. Mechanical & Electrical Specialties Locksmith; Millwright; Technicians in various fields (for example, Automotive, Avionics, Broadcast, Sound)
Science & Technology
  1. Engineering & Technologies Architect, Engineers (for example, Civil, Mechanical) & Technicians (for example, Energy, Quality Control) in various fields; Production Planner; Surveyor
  2. Natural Science & Technologies Biologist; Food Technologist; Geologist; Meteorologist; Physicist
  3. Medical Technologies Dietician/Nutritionist; Optician; Pharmacist; Radiographer Technologists in various fields (for example, Medical, Surgical)
  4. Medical Diagnosis & Treatment Anesthesiologist; Dentist; Nurse Practitioner; Physical Therapist; Physician; Veterinarian
  5. Social Science Anthropologist; Criminologist; Political Scientist; Experimental Psychologist; Sociologist
Arts
  1. Applied Arts (Visual) Animator; Fashion Designer; Graphic Artist, Software; Photographer; Set Designer
  2.  Creative & Performing Arts Actor; Composer (Music); Dancer/Choreographer; Fashion Model; Musician; Writer/Author
  3. Applied Arts (Written & Spoken) Advertising Copywriter; Columnist; Editor; Interpreter; Librarian; Reporter/Journalist
Social Service
  1.  Health Care Athletic Trainer; Dental Hygienist; Health Services; Administrator; Psychiatric Technician; Recreational Therapist
  2. Education Athletic Coach; College/University Faculty; Educational Administrator; Teachers in various specialties (for example, Art, Foreign Language, Music)
  3. Community Services Counselors in various specialties (for example, Mental Health, Rehabilitation); Lawyer; Social Service Director; Social Worker
  4. Personal Services Flight Attendant; Gaming Occupations Worker; Hairstylist/Barber

TECHNICAL

现实型R的共同特点:愿意使用工具从事操作性工作,动手能力强,做事手脚灵活,动作协调。偏好于具体任务,不善言辞,做事保守,较为谦虚。缺乏社交能力,通常喜欢独立做事。

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

研究型I的共同特点:思想家而非实干家,抽象思维能力强,求知欲强,肯动脑,善思考,不愿动手。喜欢独立的和富有创造性的工作。知识渊博,有学识才能,不善于领导他人。考虑问题理性,做事喜欢精确,喜欢逻辑分析和推理,不断探讨未知的领域。

ARTS

艺术型A的共同特点:有创造力,乐于创造新颖、与众不同的成果,渴望表现自己的个性,实现自身的价值。做事理想化,追求完美,不重实际。具有一定的艺术才能和个性。善于表达、怀旧、心态较为复杂。

SOCIAL SERVICE

社会型S的共同特点:喜欢与人交往、不断结交新的朋友、善言谈、愿意教导别人。关心社会问题、渴望发挥自己的社会作用。寻求广泛的人际关系,比较看重社会义务和社会道德。

ADMINISTRATION & SALES

企业型E的共同特点:追求权力、权威和物质财富,具有领导才能。喜欢竞争、敢冒风险、有野心、抱负。为人务实,习惯以利益得失,权利、地位、金钱等来衡量做事的价值,做事有较强的目的性。

BUSINESS OPERATIONS

常规型C的共同特点:尊重权威和规章制度,喜欢按计划办事,细心、有条理,习惯接受他人的指挥和领导,自己不谋求领导职务。喜欢关注实际和细节情况,通常较为谨慎和保守,缺乏创造性,不喜欢冒险和竞争,富有自我牺牲精神。

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